TLR antagonists

Toll-like receptors (TLR) 7, 8, and 9 are involved in the early innate immune response as they help to recognize bacterial and viral pathogens. While TLR7/8 bind to single-stranded (ss) RNA, TLR9 is activated via unmethylated CpG-containing motifs of bacterial and viral DNA. The receptors are located in the endosomal compartment and signal via recruitment of MYD88 (myeloid differentiation primary response 88). The signaling cascade results in the activation of transcription factors NF-κB, AP-1, and/or IRF-7, which induces the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and type I IFNs.  

While binding of agonists activates receptors, antagonist block the receptors and inhibit the interaction of agonist and receptor, which causes a weakened biological response to agonists. Our TLR7/8/9 antagonist ODN 2088 is a short single-stranded oligodeoxynucleotide (ODN) that can inhibit CpG ODN–mediated activation of TLR9 and activation of TLR7/8. In addition to our TLR antagonist, we offer controls with distinct inhibitory capacities.