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| Overview |
TGF-β1 stands for transforming growth factor β1. Human TGF-β1 is a recombinant protein optimized for use in cell culture, differentiation studies, and functional assays.
Human TGF-β1 can be used for a variety of applications, including:
- In vitro differentiation of naive CD4+ T cells towards TH17 cells.
- In vitro generation of FoxP3+ inducible regulatory T cells (iTregs).
- Embryonic stem cell differentiation models, for example, for vasculogenesis and angiogenesis.
- In vitro chondrogenesis of mesenchymal progenitor cells and redifferentiation of expanded chondrocytes.
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| Details |
Background information
TGF-β1 belongs to a family of homologous, disulfide-linked, homodimeric proteins. These highly pleiotropic cytokines inhibit proliferation of most cells, but can promote the growth of mesenchymal cells and enhance extracellular matrix formation. The pivotal function of TGF-β1 in the immune system is to mediate immunosuppression and maintain tolerance by regulating lymphocyte proliferation, differentiation, and survival. In addition, TGF-β1 controls inflammatory responses through chemotactic attraction and activation of inflammatory cells and fibroblasts.
TGF-β1 is produced by many cell types, but is reported to be most abundant in mammalian platelets and bone. It is secreted predominantly as an inactive latent complex. After proteolytical processing of the TGF-β1 precursor, the resulting N-terminal latency-associated peptide (LAP) remains non-covalently associated with the TGF-β1 dimer. Mature and biologically active TGF-β1 can be released from the complex by action of proteases and/or conformational changes.
The amino acid sequence of Human TGF-β1 shares 99% identity with TGF-β1 from mouse and rat.
Quality description
Premium-grade cytokines offer the convenience of high and well-defined biological activities and allow exact unit dosing for demanding applications. The biological activity is determined after lyophilization and reconstitution, and normalized to WHO/NIBSC standards whenever available. In general, endotoxin levels are <0.01 ng/µg (<0.1 EU/µg), and purities are >97%. Lot-specific certificates of analysis are available on request (macstec@miltenyibiotec.de). |
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| Figure 1 |
| Human TGF-β1 activity assay. The biological activity of Human TGF-β1, premium grade was determined by inhibition assay using IL-5-induced TF-1 cells. |
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