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| Description |
Transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) belongs to a family of homologous, disulfide-linked, homodimeric proteins. These highly pleiotropic cytokines inhibit proliferation of most cells, but can promote the growth of mesenchymal cells and enhance extracellular matrix formation. The pivotal function of TGF-β1 in the immune system is to mediate immunosuppression and maintain tolerance by regulating lymphocyte proliferation, differentiation, and survival. In addition, TGF-β1 controls inflammatory responses through chemotactic attraction and activation of inflammatory cells and fibroblasts.
TGF-β1 is produced by many cell types, but is reported to be most abundant in mammalian platelets and bone. It is secreted predominantly as an inactive latent complex. After proteolytical processing of the TGF-β1 precursor, the resulting N-terminal latency-associated peptide (LAP) remains non-covalently associated with the TGF-β1 dimer. Mature and biologically active TGF-β1 can be released from the complex by action of proteases and/or conformational changes.
The amino acid sequence of Human TGF-β1 shares 99% identity with TGF-β1 from mouse and rat.
Applications
Human TGF-β1 can be used for a variety of applications, including:
- in vitro differentiation of naive CD4+ T cells towards TH17 cells,
- in vitro generation of FoxP3+ inducible regulatory T cells (iTregs),
- embryonic stem cell differentiation models, for example, for vasculogenesis and angiogenesis,
- in vitro chondrogenesis of mesenchymal progenitor cells and redifferentiation of expanded chondrocytes.
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| Quality description |
Premium grade
For demanding applications, selected human cytokines and growth factors are available in premium grade quality having a particular high and well-defined biological activity. They have passed stringent quality control criteria, and the purity is higher than 97%. The biological activity has been determined after lyophilization in direct comparison with the respective WHO standards. Certificates of analysis stating lot-specific biological activities are available on request. Furthermore, premium grade cytokines display the major characteristics of our line of GMP grade cytokines. Premium grade products are widely used, e.g, for the generation of dendritic cells and the cultivation of stem cells. |
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| Figure 1 |
| Human TGF-β1 activity assay. The biological activity of Human TGF-β1, premium grade was determined by inhibition assay using IL-5-induced TF-1 cells. |
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