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| Overview |
IL-21 stands for interleukin 21. Human IL-21 is a recombinant protein optimized for use in cell culture, differentiation studies, and functional assays.
Human IL-21 can be used for a variety of applications, including:
- In vitro differentiation of naive CD4+ T cells towards TH17 cells.
- In vitro expansion of CD8+ T cells and enhancement of cytotoxic T cell function.
- Study of influence on NK cell development and function.
- In vitro differentiation of plasma cells from naive B cells.
- Investigation of IL-21-mediated molecular signaling pathways.
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| Details |
Background information
IL-21 is a four α-helix bundle cytokine and closely related to IL-2, IL-4, and IL-15. IL-21 expression is restricted to activated CD4+ T helper cells and NKT cells. Among T helper subsets, IL-21 is strongly produced by follicular T helper cells and TH17 cells, where IL-21 serves as an autocrine regulator and seems to sustain TH17 development. The functional receptor for IL-21, composed of the IL-21 receptor- and the common γ-chain, is expressed on various hematopoietic cells including T, B, NK and dendritic cells. Accordingly, IL-21 exerts pleiotropic effects on both cellular and humoral immune responses, such as stimulation of lymphocyte proliferation, promotion of CD8+ T cell and NK cell cytotoxicity, and differentiation of B cells into plasma cells.
Important roles for IL-21 have been proposed with regard to its anti-tumor activity and for the development of autoimmune diseases.
Quality description
Research-grade cytokines are suitable for a wide variety of cell culture applications. They are sterile-filtered prior to lyophilization. Generally, endotoxin levels are <0.1 ng/µg (<1 EU/µg), and purities are >95%. The biological activity is tested in appropriate bioassays.
Premium-grade cytokines offer the convenience of high and well-defined biological activities and allow exact unit dosing for demanding applications. The biological activity is determined after lyophilization and reconstitution, and normalized to WHO/NIBSC standards whenever available. In general, endotoxin levels are <0.01 ng/µg (<0.1 EU/µg), and purities are >97%. Lot-specific certificates of analysis are available on request (macstec@miltenyibiotec.de). |
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| Figure 1 |
| Human IL-21, activity assay. The biological activity of Human IL-21 is determined by proliferation assay using mouse B9 hybridoma cells. |
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| Figure 2 |
| SDS-PAGE of Human IL-21, premium grade under reduced (R) and non-reduced (NR) conditions. |
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